A. What are the benefits of antibiotics in fact?
Antibiotics are chemical compounds that are made to fight germs, especially bacteria. There are various types of germs, no germs are large, some small, with diverse properties as well.
Germs tend to nest in certain organs in the body of the host. Some like the brain, the lungs, the intestines, nerves, kidneys, stomach, skin, or throat, and others. In the organs of the breeding places, certain bacteria cause infection. Typhoid germs in the intestines causing typhoid, TB germs in the lungs, but can also in bone, kidney, brain, and skin. Leprosy germs in the nerves and skin, the bacteria in the throat diphtheria, tetanus on the nerves, and more.
Initially, it was discovered penicillin type antibiotics and sulfa, which is used to treat all infectious diseases. Now, had dozens and dozens of antibiotics has been found, either from the same family, as well as from newer types. Each antibiotic has its own ability to fight germs. That's because, every clump of bacteria have antidotes specific individual. However, most antibiotics are completely impervious or broadspectrum. That is, all the germs can dibasminya.
In addition, there is also a type of antibiotic use is narrow, specific only to certain germs. For example, antibiotics for tuberculosis germ (mycobacterium tuberculosis), for leprosy or leprosy (mycobaterium leprae), or for typhoid (salmonella tyhphi).
2.Kapan antibiotic use?Antibiotics are used if there is an infection by germs. Infection occurs when bacteria enter the body. Bacteria enter the body through its own entrance. There is by mouth with food and drinks, passing breath of air entering the lungs, through tiny cuts in the skin, through unprotected sex, or enter through the bloodstream, and germs to the organ that likes to nest.
Common symptoms are usually accompanied by infected body temperature rises, fever, headache, and pain. Infections in red inflamed skin caused a reaction, swelling, heat, and pain. For example ulcers. In the intestine,symptomatic heartburn, diarrhea. In the airways, coughing, sore throat, or shortness of breath. In the brain, headache. In the kidney, many of urination, urine red or like milk.
However, symptoms of body temperature rises, fever, headache, and pain, may also not caused by bacteria, but infection by viruses or parasites. Of complaints, symptoms and signs, the doctor can identify whether an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Diseases caused by germs not treated with antibiotics did not work. For the virus were given antiviral, and to be antinya parasites, such as antimalarial, antifungal, and anticacing. If the infection by specific types of bacteria, doctors usually give antibiotics immediately in accordance with the infecting organism. Ulcers on the skin for example, tetanus, diphtheria, typhoid, or red eye infection.
For infections that doubt, a special examination is required to ascertain the type of infecting organism. You do this by doing culture (culture) the bacteria. Biakannya material taken from blood or saliva, sputum, urine, stool, cerebrospinal fluid, pus genitals, or skin scrapings.
With cultured bacteria, in addition to find the type of bacteria, can be directly examined also the type of antibiotics that are suitable to put it down (resistance test). Thus, treatment of the infection is more appropriate. If not done a test of resistance, antibiotics can be considered to have no effect, because the bacteria are resistant to the type of antibiotic is considered powerful.
3.Kenapa more and more bacteria are antibiotic resistant?The use of antibiotics in developing countries often tend to be haphazard and uncontrolled. Antibiotics that can be bought freely, knowing the use, and is not used up completely, causing the generation of germs that become resistant (resistant) to antibiotics are used inappropriately and gratuitous. The use of antibiotics that are not spent, or make it up half a recipe, for example.
The more frequent and much abused an antibiotic, the faster the bacteria that commonly cause immune ditumpasnya. Use of antibiotic class and erythromycine the most widely used in the decade of the 80s, a growing number of germs that gave birth to generations of immunity. Then, created a new generation of the same family. Every few years, the birth of new types of generation antibiotics to eradicate the bacterium that is resistant. Sure, the price is more expensive.
4.Apa side effects of antibiotics?As with most drugs, antibiotics also have side effects respectively. There is a bad effect on the kidneys, liver, there are also disturbing the balance of the body. Doctors know what the side effects of an antibiotic, so it is not given to any patient. Patients with liver disorders, for example, should not be given antibiotics that damage the liver side effects, though powerfuldisinfect idap being patient. Doctors need to choose other antibiotics, may be less potent, but no effect on the liver.
However, if an antibiotic is no replacement, antibiotics are still used, with the notes, the danger of side effects in a patient requires monitoring by a physician, if used for long periods of time. Antibiotics for tuberculosis, for example, who drink at least 6 months, need periodic liver function tests, so if it damages the liver, the drug considered to be replaced.
5.Apa danger of overuse of antibiotics?Frequent use of antibiotics is not recommended. In our country, people are free to buy antibiotics and use them when deemed necessary. A little cough and cold, taking antibiotics immediately. Once the new diarrhea, antibiotics immediately. Though not necessarily need. Why?
Cough and cold is not necessarily caused by germs. Initially by the virus. If the conditions of strong bodies, generally self-limiting viral disease. Needs to be done on the diseases caused by viruses isstrengthen the immune system with enough to eat, rest and nutritious food. Giving antibiotics in cough and cold which is caused by a virus just a waste and harm the body, because the bear side effects of antibiotics did not have to happen.
Cases of cough and cold virus that has been long, which is usually ridden by a germ, a new need antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria, not for her flu virus. Cough, runny nose requires a sign of antibiotics is to look at his nose. Which had been turned into a watery clear viscous yellow-green. During his nose was clear liquid, antibiotics are not needed.
Taking antibiotics too often also disturb the balance of intestinal flora. We know, in the normal gut bacteria to grow which helps digestion and the formation of vitamin K. In addition, in certain parts of our body are also living benign germs that live in peace with our bodies. In the female genitalia, in the skin, mouth, and everywhere there are body parts that do not interfere with the bacteria but beneficial (symbiotic).
Too often means taking antibiotics kill all bacteria that are beneficial to the body tame. If the population of benign bacteria eradicated worthwhile for the body, the body's balance of microorganisms can be disrupted, so that the fungus that had been frightened by the germs in our body the opportunity to more easily attack.
That is, many people who after taking antibiotics is too long, then attacked by fungal diseases. Can fungus on the skin, intestines, ulcers in the mouth, or anywhere else. Fungus causes vaginal discharge in women, among others because of vaginal antisepsis too clean by killing beneficial bacteria in the vagina (Doderlein).
6.Berapa long should antibiotic consumption?Long use of antibiotics varies, depending on the type of infection and infecting organism. At least 4-5 days. However, if the infection is still not finished, antibiotics should be continued until the complaints and symptoms disappear. On typhoid, took a few weeks. Similarly, the diphtheria, tetanus. Boards longer on tuberculosis which took many months. Included in leprosy.
At certain infections, use of antibiotics after a kir, is necessary to culture the bacteria re-examination to ascertain whether the bacteria are eradicated completely. Urinary tract infections, for example, after completion of the antibiotic kir and complaint symptoms are gone, the bacteria culture done to see what was left of germs in the kidney. If the remaining germs and antibiotikanya discontinued, a relapse of disease infection.
Including dental infections. Toothache is usually caused by a germ that enters the gums and jaw bone through a perforated or porous teeth. In such circumstances, swollen gums and tooth pain. Antibiotics are given until the missing tooth pain. If antibiotics are taken only a day or two, the bacteria in the gums do not die all, so that the infection of the gums and tooth pain will recur again.
7.Kenapa antibiotics may not work?Antibiotics do not work for two reasons. Most often, the disease-causing germs have developed resistance to these antibiotics. It is necessary to look for other types of antibiotics that are more sensitive. Resistance tests are usually necessary to find the right type of antibiotic.
The second because it does not do the test first and immediate resistance is given antibiotics at random, so the possibility of improper antibiotikanya choice for this type of germs that cause illness. Antibiotikanya is not impervious to germs cause.
We know there are types of gram-negative bacteria. For that we need antibiotics for this type of germ that. If given antibiotics for gram-positive bacteria species, certainly will not work, because antibiotikanya misdirected. Or it could be because the infection is not caused by bacteria but by viruses or parasites. Were not immune to fungal skin antibiotic ointment or cream, for example.
8.Apa antibiotics means that hard?This means that unnecessary antibiotic from a new generation, if the classical antibiotics (penicillin group) is still working. However, for mild infections (flu), the latest generation are often given antibiotics. In addition to much more expensive, your body endure the side effects are usually more severe. The more potent antibiotics, usually the harder are the side effects. Kill no need to use the arrow flies, just a tap. Similarly, for the infection lightly. If possible, do not hastily put on antibiotics. Our body has the antibodies. Each seedling disease, whatever its kind, which enters the body, shall be destroyed by the immune system itself. The new body surrendered if the seeds are very malignant disease, polynomial, and the immune system is weak.
Not every time the germs enter our bodies will fall ill. If the immune system primed, the germs have entered the body will fail to infect, and we are off sick. Most new infections occur when the body is weak. For that, need the help of an anti-sent from the outside. Posts from the outside that's anti played by antibiotics.
9.Kenapa people can pass out after drinking or injected antibiotics?Sometimes, after a drink or injected antibiotics may pass out. Certain people are gifted allergies, are generally not resistant to the penicillin group of antibiotics, either injected or taken orally. A few minutes to several hours after an allergic reaction appear. Taste is thick and itching in the mouth, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and fainting. If mild itching just like biduran. The reaction can cause severe blistering skin reactions, ulcerous-boils (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
For those who are gifted allergies, need to be tested before received an injection of penicillin group of antibiotics. If positive, should not be given. Or if ever there is a history of itching after drinking or injected antibiotics, take notes, so next time can alert the doctor if it does not hold antibitioka. Now an allergic reaction to antibiotics is rare, because there are many choices of antibiotics that are superior to penicillin without risk of allergies.
10. Are all the antibiotics just to be drunk?No. In addition in the form of oral medication (oral), there is also in the form of injection (parenteral), ointments, creams, suppositories (inserted into the vagina anus or vagina), lotion, and drops. Skin infections using antibiotic ointment or cream, red eye infections using eye drops or ointment, middle ear infections using antibiotic ear drops, antibiotics used white bullet-shaped bacteria that is inserted into the vagina (for those who are married, do not make a young girl).
Antibiotics streptomycine, garamycine, only in the form of injections, are not available in the form of tablets or capsules. In contrast, most antibiotics are taken is not necessarily exist in the form of injections. But, there is also a good antibiotic in the form of injections or a drink.
Sprinkle antibiotic powder on the sore tooth cavity such as the habit or the injury, not very precise. Effect of antibiotic penetration into the infected gum tissue is not as good as when taken, or could absorb such optimal antibiotic that has been in the form of an ointment or cream if it is to be used on the skin